Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a crucial nutrient that plays a key role in red blood cell formation, neurological function, and DNA synthesis.
Symptoms of deficiency include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, neurological issues like tingling or numbness, and difficulty thinking or reasoning.
Deficiency can result from inadequate dietary intake, poor absorption due to digestive disorders, or medical conditions affecting B12 absorption.
Risk factors include a vegetarian or vegan diet, advancing age, gastrointestinal surgeries, and medications that interfere with B12 absorption.
Diagnosis involves blood tests to measure B12 levels and possibly other tests to determine the cause of deficiency.
Untreated deficiency can lead to severe complications such as anemia, neurological damage, and in severe cases, irreversible nerve damage.
Treatment includes B12 supplements, either orally or via injections, and increasing intake of B12rich foods such as meat, fish, dairy, and fortified cereals
Prevention involves maintaining a balanced diet rich in B12, regular consumption of animal products or fortified foods, and managing underlying conditions affecting B12 absorption.
Regular followup with healthcare providers is essential to monitor B12 levels, assess response to treatment, and adjust management as needed.